Garbage truck and its types

Garbage trucks are trucks specifically designed to collect municipal solid waste and transport it to solid waste treatment facilities such as landfills,recycling centers,or transfer stations.In Australia,they are often referred to as refuse trucks or dump trucks,while in the UK,dumpster trucks or refuse trucks are commonly used.Other common names for this type of truck include garbage truck in the United States,and garbage truck,garbage truck,garbage truck, garbage truck,or garbage truck elsewhere.Technical names include refuse collection vehicles and refuse collection vehicles (RCV).These trucks are common in most urban areas.

Types

Front loaders 

Front loaders typically serve commercial and industrial businesses using large,covered trash containers (called dumpsters in the United States).The front of the truck is equipped with powered forks,and the driver uses a joystick or set of levers to carefully align the forks with sockets on the dumpster.The waste container is then lifted above the truck.Once it reaches the top,the container is inverted and the waste or recyclable material is emptied into the vehicle's hopper.After the waste is dumped,it is compacted by a hydraulically driven moving wall that swings back and forth,pushing the waste to the rear of the vehicle. Most newer packing trucks have "mobile hydraulics" that allow the driver to pack the load while driving, reducing route time.When the body is full,the compacting wall moves all the way to the rear of the body,ejecting it through the open tailgate.There is also a system called Curotto Can which is a front loader attachment which has an automatic arm which acts as an automatic side loader allowing the driver to dump the trolley.

Rear loader

Rear loaders have an opening in the rear that leads to a chute,or hopper,into which garbage collectors can throw garbage bags or dump the contents of a garbage bin.Often in many areas,they have a lift mechanism to automatically empty large carts without requiring the operator to manually lift the trash.Another popular system for rear loaders is the rear loading container,which is designed to fit into the recess of the truck.The truck will have a chain or cable system to flip the container.The waste will then slide into the truck's hopper.Modern rear loaders typically compact trash using a hydraulically powered mechanism that scoops trash out of the loading hopper using a moving plate or shovel and presses it against a moving wall.In most compactor designs,the plate has a sharp edge (hence the industry standard name baling blade) designed to apply a little pressure on the trash to break up bulky items in the hopper before it is sucked into the body of the truck.Compactor designs vary, but two of the most popular today are the "sweep and slide" system (first pioneered on the Leach 2R Packmaster),in which the compactor blades pivot on moving carriages that Rails made on the side of the fuselage that slide a lot back and forth,and "oscillating linkage" systems (such as the Dempster Routechief) where the blade actually oscillates on a "pendulum" type mechanism consisting of linkages that control the arc of motion of the blade.The Geesink GPM Series uses rotating packer blades that oscillate on an inverted U-shaped frame that lowers the blades into the hopper,sweeping the waste out;the frame then retracts into the body to perform the compaction action.The hybrid of two philosophies - it combines a lifting loading hopper with rotating sweeper blades to clear and compact waste for the next load.So-called "continuous" compactors were popular in the 1960s and 70s.The German Shark design (later Rotopress) used a large rotating drum fitted with paddles to suck in the waste and force it around a decreasing pitch auger for compression.In France pioneered the rotary harrow system (also used by Shelvoke and Drewry Revopak in the UK) to simultaneously shred and compact waste while loading it. Other systems use continuously rotating Archimedes screws to suck in waste and destroy it inside the body.Continuous compaction garbage trucks have declined in popularity due to safety concerns and higher fuel consumption,with only the Rotopress design still in production for its ability to efficiently handle green waste for composting.A unique rear loading system consisting of a rear loader and a front loading tractor (usually a Caterpillar front loader with Tink Claw) for yard waste collection (in some cities,trash and recycling) .The front loader picks up yard waste piled up on the street and loads it into the rear of the rear loader.The system is used in several cities.

Side loader

Side loaders are loaded from the side,either manually or with the help of a joystick-controlled robotic arm with claws for automatically lifting and dumping wheelie bins into the truck's hopper.

Manual Side Loader

A manual side loader (MSL) features a hopper in front of the body,similar to a front loader.Unlike front-end loaders,the actual hopper is short,sometimes even lower than the body,to allow the operator to dump waste into the hopper.This also results in a longer time to pack a load compared to a rear loader,although this is offset by the time it takes to bring the waste to the truck.On some (but not all) models,the bin can be accessed from both sides,allowing two people to collect trash from both sides of the street at the same time,increasing vehicle efficiency.

Automatic Side Loader

A truck equipped with a lift is called an automatic side loader (ASL).Similar to front-end loaders,waste is compacted by vibrating platens at the front of the loading hopper,which force waste through a hole into the main body,thus compacting towards the rear of the truck.Automated side loaders require only one operator,whereas traditional rear-loading refuse trucks may require two to three people,and have the added benefit of reducing work-related injuries from repetitive lifting.Because of these advantages,ASL is preferred over traditional manual collection.Typically,automatic side loaders use standardized wheeled dollies that are compatible with the truck's automatic lift.As with front-end loaders,the compaction mechanism consists of a metal push plate in the collection hopper that hydraulically swings back and forth to push waste through a hole thereby pressing it onto the already loaded material.On some ASLs,there is also a "folding" breaker plate located above the hopper opening,which folds down to break bulky items within reach of the metal pusher plate.Another compactor design is the "paddle baler," which uses paddles that rotate from side to side to force waste into the truck body.

Manual/automatic side loaders

Manual/Automatic Side Loaders (M/ASL) are traditional MSLs with automatic collection arms, and continuous-running wrappers.This allows to be functionally identical to the ASL while allowing manual dumping of waste into the hopper where automatic collection is not feasible,such as collecting oversized items. Additionally,M/ASL provides a less expensive upgrade path for those wishing to keep their pre-existing MSL for automatic collection without paying for a newer and more expensive ASL.

Semi-automatic side loaders

Semi-automatic side loaders are MSLs equipped with an automatic mechanism that lifts and dumps manually aligned waste containers into a hopper.The main difference between a semi-automatic side loader and an ASL is that while they still require only one person to operate,he or she must leave the cab to manually carry the containers and align them with the loading bucket on the side of the truck and dump them.